This post contains very old and difficult thoughts and was first published in 2009. I go back and forth loving and hating it. I’ve grown a lot as a Muslim, a blogger and a person since the writing of this post. Especially when it comes to my children and the way they are perceived by others.
The question of cultural appropriation and the difficult position of converts recently came up in conversation on Twitter, and I thought I would revisit this post for myself — but somehow it went to my feeds as a new post. Sorry for any confusion!
I’ve had a few interesting moments recently, where my identity was called in to question. Now that we’re expecting, my day dreaming about baby and inward reflections are on the rise. This morning, these moments crystallized.
Is culture or cultural identity a cloak that we can take on and put off at will?
I was blessed enough to be born into and marry into a mixed family. I’m half German, and half Canadian. The Canadian bits are made up of Irish, Scottish, some more German and Lebanese. But I’m white. I’m German and Irish. That’s pretty white. I don’t look it though. I ended up with green eyes, olive skin and fiercely curly hair. More often than not, before I took on hijab, I was mistaken for Spanish. My parents swear that I was born with a tan, and I keep my tan lines for years.
My husband is half Indian, and half Arab. This means that our lovely baby will be: half white and half brown/arab – or for nationalistic purposes, ¼ Indian, ¼ Arab, ¼ German, ¼ Canadian. Which will be great for multiple team spirit come World Cup.
I’m not so worried about how our child will identify itself — my husband and I are privileged and as such can identify as global citizens. But I’m worried more about how others will identify our child, and how that will affect her sense of Self. Will she feel inadequate in any way because she’s not white enough, or not culturally “Muslim” enough because people will treat her as other? I’m open to everything that she will be made up of — I just don’t want one of our cultural aspects being avoided, or denied at the cost of the others.
Privilege and “whiteness” aside, I don’t think there is a problem for me “being white” and having an appreciation for all cultures. Of course, that is my privilege talking. My proud, black, Jamaican co-worker is pretty adamant about me being white, and doesn’t understand why other people in the office are convinced I’m Jordanian or Palestinian (how did that get there?). Apparently, my headscarf throws them off. Surely only ethnic people wear those things, right? But when my coworker wants to talk about head wraps for when she locks her hair, she comes to me. Because she knows I get it. The head scarf and wrapping hair that is. I could never, ever truly understand her, or anyone elses’ experience of the world.
Not too long ago, a family member had this conversation with me:
“Stop running. You’re pregnant. I don’t care what your doctor. says. We’re not like them… like the Germans. So don’t listen to what she has to say.”
“Um… my doctor is a Muslim woman from Bangladesh….”
“Just stop running.”
I understand that this conversation was more about one’s fear and concern for my safety and the safety of the baby. But I could not help hear how I was excluded from my own culture. We’re not like them. But… I am them.
And then, another family member made a joke while I was cooing with a baby:
Me – “Hello!!! Are you laughing at me? Are you smiling at Gora Khala? (white aunty) Do you like Gora Khala?” (baby laughs incessantly at my silly faces)
Family – “Oh! HAHA! Oh K, you’re not Gora! You’re Arabi now!”
I am? ….Now?
In this case, the comment was made as a joke and in good fun. But again, I couldn’t help but feel slighted. I’m sorry. I’m white. I’m not an Arab. I’m just a white Muslim, and there shouldn’t be a problem with that. But there seems to be. Why can’t I be a white Muslim?
And therein lies the problem.
Because more often than not, white converts are praised for their Muslimness – their Arabness – their non-whiteness (a liminal whiteness? Where they are white, but not really? Clear?).
The implied threat of whiteness in this case, is that being white means: you’re rude, ignorant, promiscuous, drunk, pork-eating, evil, against Islam, hates Muslims, beer guzzling, and a backward redneck.
So when a white person converts, they become non-white. For only a non-white would give up swearing, sex, alcohol, and drugs.
(Let’s not forget all of the Muslims worldwide who are promiscuous, drink, do drugs, lie, cheat, steal, kill, abuse their wives, and use Islam to justify misogyny. Because we can only identify a white convert as non-white if we ignore what also happens in our own communities.)
Part of the appropriation of non-white status is my own fault. When I converted, I went to an extreme and started distancing myself from the parts of my culture that were not permissible in Islam.
When I took on the hijab, then other people — white people stopped seeing me as white. A simple piece of cloth suddenly turned me into a foreigner, a born Muslim. I was congratulated on my mastery of the English language. Young girls gossiping about “Pakis” hushed their voices when they noticed me staring. People told me to go home, to where I came from. And after 911, I was spit on and abused. Some in my community, the ones I defended as not being ignorant, failed me.
Because of a piece of cloth.
White, non-white, half-anything… it suddenly became very important to me to cling to my culture. The good parts of my culture!
Besides, isn’t it the good parts of all cultures that define them? The bad parts, well, they’re just present in all of them, the world over – irrespective of gender, creed, or practice. Aren’t they?
So what am I?
Maybe I am “clear”. Maybe that’s why when I speak a few Urdu words, make daal and eat paan, South Asians call me brown, and when I wear hijab and speak a few Arab words, I’m suddenly an Arab. Do people see through me? Some white people do when I pass them on the street.
But then the Muslim community still says I’m white. In fact, at times my whiteness is embraced, and I find myself placed in situations where I’m raised up to say to the larger world community, “See! She’s white! Islam isn’t bad! It can’t be, if this highly educated, empowered, white woman loves Islam…it must be great!”
And I’m used for conferences as a speaker, or as an emcee for an event, or I’m a key executive of an Muslim group. White is good. Muslim is good. White Muslim interviewing with CTV is EXCELLENT. The best press we can get.
In these cases, I don’t want to be white. I don’t want my colour to be the selling point of my talents. It’s embarrassing. And I can’t get the white imperialist out of my mind when these instances happen.
But when I’m labeled Brown or Arab, I don’t want to deny my whiteness.
On the days where I do deny my whiteness, I still feel betrayal. Not to my people. But to myself. My sense of Self. Me. Sometimes today it’s just easier to say, “I’m German and Lebanese” when someone asks me where I’m from. Because I know they are really asking about the hijab (which tends to be the follow up question). And when I say, “Toronto,” they always ask, “yes.. but originally where are you from?” I confuse them with a piece of cloth — because no white woman would actually wear that thing. So I must therefore, just be a light-skinned foreigner.
The questions could stop in an instance if I just shouted from the rafters, “I’m a white convert. I was born in a booming suburban, multicultural city. As was my father and my grandfather.” But these questions from strangers are too invasive, and I don’t want to share my conversion story with them. It’s mine. It’s my sacred journey.
Do I negotiate Muslim and non-Muslim spaces by going through my closet of cultures? Finding the right robe to wear at the right time? Isn’t this Orientalism? Cultural rape? Who am I to “play” the Arab or the South Asian? Do I have a right to? Should I feel guilty when I do feel a thrill and acceptance among a group that “isn’t mine?”
And finally, why does it matter? It’s just little me, isn’t it?
But I feel the need to know the following:
What do I tell my baby when they ask me “what” I am? Muslim is the first answer. But then what? Does it matter?
Will my child be made fun of?
Will the important parts of my child’s western culture, like Christmas and Halloween, be set aside in favour of another, because it’s just not Muslim enough?
The last is probably the one that worries me the most, and not necessarily because there is privileged in whiteness. What scares me, is the fear that my child will have to experience any hatred or prejudice because of his or her background. And it’s out there
May 31, 2010 at 8:11 pm
This was an absolutely fascinating and very enlightening read. Thanks for posting it.
June 1, 2010 at 11:41 am
[...] blogger, Wood Turtle recently introduced herself to me and I read this interesting piece – When did I stop being white?- over at her place and it really got me [...]
June 2, 2010 at 12:50 am
My husband (who is a born and bred Kentuckian of English and Irish heritage, IE as white as wonder bread)was recently asked where he was from, he told them the name of the town and he was asked what nationality he was. It was a guy in a store and we were too dumbfounded to ask his motivation. It’s strange how race and nationality are so fluid. It brings to mind how abolitionists used light skinned African Americans or dark skinned “whites” to prove that race can not be nailed down by appearance alone. Great piece!
June 5, 2010 at 1:33 pm
Besides, isn’t it the good parts of all cultures that define them? The bad parts… well, they’re just present in all of them, the world over – irrespective of gender, creed, or practice.
Not really. An example that comes immediately to mind is that some cultures practice slavery and genocide while others do not. Those bad cultural traits are pretty defining, if you ask me.
June 5, 2010 at 2:07 pm
I think what I was trying to say there is that when cultures are on display, their best face is put forward. All of the positives are showcased. And that personal practices like bigotry, marital abuse, sexism, homophobia, etc is found across the board.
For example, during the 2010 Olympics, Canada’s “culture” was out there on parade for the world to see, when just across the street First Nations groups and supporters were protesting the abuse of First Nations’ land. Which was largely ignored by the Media once the Games actually started. Some would argue that this is a blight on Canada’s culture.
I understand your point. I suppose I am over simplifying things, or making my defining categories too large (happy shining people world view). But if you look back throughout history, it would be difficult not to find a tribe, group or nation that didn’t participate in slavery or war related eradication tactics (I won’t say genocide, as they are specific incidents in human history), at some point or another.
June 5, 2010 at 2:33 pm
No, even then I’d have to disagree. Individual bigots are everywhere, yes, but the prevalence of such views and the degree to which they are institutionalized varies greatly.
But if you look back throughout history, it would be difficult not to find a tribe, group or nation that didn’t participate in slavery or war related eradication tactics (I won’t say genocide, as they are specific incidents in human history), at some point or another.
True, but comparing a nation to itself across time is to compare different cultures in all but the most stagnant societies. Britian does not seek reparations against the descendants of Imperial Rome, after all.
June 6, 2010 at 12:28 am
AR, you mention “some cultures practice slavery and genocide while others do not. Those bad cultural traits are pretty defining, if you ask me.” Just wondering which cultures are defined only by their practices of slavery or genocide? Thank you.
June 6, 2010 at 1:07 am
No culture is defined solely by a single trait, but a few cultures that immediately come to mind in which slavery played a major, defining part are the Southern United States for much of its history, Ancient Greece (Sparta in particular), Imperial Rome, various African cultures that took part in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, any Middle Eastern culture that had Mamluks, and various Italian city states that took part in the Mediterranean slave trade. These are all cultures that would have been completely different without slavery, but most societies with slavery count since such an institution cannot help but touch everything else.
Pretty much any example of genocide is an example of a genocidal culture because exterminating a human population is a difficult and drawn-out process that takes team effort; any such attempt would have to have widespread cultural support to carry out. A particular example that come to mind is the North American colonies and, latter, that United States, which had to maintain a commitment to genocide for hundreds of years before they could finish the job. That’s defiantly a cultural trait rather than an isolated incident.
June 7, 2010 at 6:00 pm
My Dr. has verified this fact, as has my OB/GYN, because some genetic diseases are linked to race, and both physicians want to make sure we’re screened for the right tests. I’m officially: white.
I’m sure this is an oversimplification for the sake of this blog, and that you’ve actually talked about this in more specific detail with your doctors, but you might want to clarify this a bit.
As I understand it, there are no diseases linked to race. There are diseases linked to ancestry which is often conflated with race. The most common example listed is sickle cell anemia which is so often seen as a “black” disease. However, I believe this is a misconception. Sickle cell is more common among those who have ancestors who lived in areas with malaria. This includes large parts of India and the middle east and excludes large parts of Africa. It is not a black disease.
Some links that might provide a better explanation:
http://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-01-06.htm
http://raceandgenomics.ssrc.org/Hubbard/
or check out The Race Myth by Dr. Joseph Graves.
Genetics is complicated subject but what little I’ve read tells me that it is not like mixing paint. We aren’t combinations that can be expressed in halves and quarters. I’m sure you meant that list of 1/4 this, /14 that as a shorthand notation but thought I’d comment.
June 7, 2010 at 9:12 pm
You’re absolutely right anon. I’ve made generalizations in this post. The comment about my OB was in part sarcasm and in part exaggeration. While I think the majority of my post is discussing culture, I have certainly conflated my cultural mix with race. Which is something a lot of people do, as was pointed out in the links you offered (thanks for that). But I think I also touch upon this with my experience within my extended family and parts of the Muslim community — where western culture is conflated with “whiteness” or race. That grand sweeping assumptions are made about western culture being promiscuous, having dangerous liberal ideas, as being against Islam,… boiling it all down to race, and that race can be erased with a “simple” rejection of western culture.
As for the medical example itself, I can see how it sounds like a throwback to the 19th century. It’s easy to be in a position to throw racial terminology around, but what we can effectively talk about is genetics, and that genetically speaking, human groups are not internally different from each other just because they may look different.
I was actually surprised when the hospital I delivered at required paperwork on the backgrounds of myself and my husband. It became more complex given the fact that while genetically Indian (FIL) and Arab (MIL), my husband’s parents were both born in Nairobi (as was he). And after all of the discussions we had regarding blood work and this background paperwork (malaria, hep, etc) he was pegged into the “Brown” slot. When I asked why, I was told that it was because his father is Indian. Which is another issue altogether. Why choose one gender over the other? Does being male make your genetics stronger? It probably just made things easier as far as paperwork goes, but why ask the question? Under the section of gender, why was I offered only two choices? Why not inter-sexed, trans as well as two-spirited? Or just “other”?
I know, the context is that they’re a medical facility and they NEED to know the physical gender. I get that. Which is where the sarcasm comes in. It just got me thinking about an overall picture of where we’re at as an inclusive society.
What i was attempting to uncover is the societal need to place my daughter into a square peg. With so many cultures in her background, where will she be placed if there is no “other” selection. I certainly would prefer her not to know a difference.
Thanks again for the links and for your comment.
June 8, 2010 at 12:36 pm
A very thoughtful reply to my rather rambling comment – thanks! It is such a complex situation with so many overlapping issues.
Your daughter is lucky to have a mother like you. I’m sure you will be able to help her navigate whatever identity issues may arise when she runs into the countless biases and wrong assumptions that folks will project onto her. I wish you and your family all the best.
PS. I did not realize this was an entry from 2009 until after I posted my comment and yet you were still nice enough to reply. Thanks again.
June 9, 2010 at 6:12 pm
Interesting post. It’s amazing how fluid attributed-race is, and what that means. Oddly enough I find I’m read as much more Anglo in the United States than in Australia, where I get constantly asked where I’m from. The meaning of “whiteness” and its relation to race and ethnicity is quite different in those contexts, despite the commonality in terms of white privilege.
Also: I think that trans and intersex should actually be a separate section from male and female, since most of us tend to not identify as one or the other (there should be “other” please specify as well with male and female). Part of the problem with doctors is if they realise you’re trans, they treat you like your assigned sex which is actually really dangerous – eg every trans woman needs breast exams, pap smears *and* a prostate exam, while trans guys get male pattern baldness. So “physical gender” is largely post-transition sex and disease risks (eg I developed chronic migraines cos of the estrogen interaction, like my cis female relatives) with a few quirks. But ime most doctors lack the sensitivity or understanding to get that and so the burden to educate is quite heavy on the patient.
Anyway, sorry to go on about that!
September 20, 2010 at 11:57 pm
Asalam alaikum – this article describes exactly how I feel subhanAllah, i can ttly identify… with the difference hijab makes, with being pushed front and centre as “good press”, etc etc
November 28, 2010 at 6:56 pm
…and I thought I had it tough as a one-and-a-half generation desi in the States..
I doubt it means much, but congratulations on writing a great article.
November 28, 2010 at 10:07 pm
I actually have to seriously revisit this article. It needs updating and now that we have a bouncing baby interacting with the world around her, I have new insights that need to be grappled with and flushed out.
Thanks for commenting!
January 14, 2011 at 7:33 pm
Great post! Amazing how a piece of clothing can transform how people are perceived by others. I feel like I would have similar experiences if I were to wear hijab!
March 24, 2013 at 11:18 am
All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action.
March 24, 2013 at 7:03 pm
It’s interesting, I have a subscription to your postings, and this one was delivered to my inbox this week. I was very surprised to hear you were pregnant with another daughter
Looking back, I think this is one of my favourite posts of yours, it’s a very refreshing piece of prose. It captures so much of the difficulty navigating overlapping identities amongst different communities, and the seemingly senseless boxes into which others may place us.
You have a brilliantly sharp mind, and an unmatched wit. Go you.